IB Physics Topic 2 Videos

This video explores internal energy as the sum of kinetic and potential energy in a substance. It explains the three phases of matter based on kinetic theory and describes phase changes, including melting, freezing, vaporisation, and sublimation, with distinctions between boiling and evaporation.

This video defines temperature as the average kinetic energy of particles and explains how it changes within and across phases. It introduces the Kelvin scale and its relation to Celsius, emphasizing absolute zero as the lowest possible temperature.

This video discusses thermal energy as the total kinetic energy of particles and distinguishes it from temperature. It explains heat transfer between objects, the concept of thermal equilibrium, and phase change graphs, illustrating energy distribution during heating and cooling.

This video covers the concepts of thermal capacity, specific heat capacity, and latent heat, detailing how different materials absorb and transfer heat. It includes calculations for heating substances, phase changes, and energy conservation in thermal systems.

This video examines the three main methods of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. It explains how each mechanism operates, factors affecting them, and how different materials act as conductors or insulators.

This video introduces black body radiation, focusing on Stefan-Boltzmann’s and Wien’s displacement laws. It explains how temperature affects radiation intensity and wavelength, using these principles to analyze stars and thermal emission.

This video explains how solar energy interacts with Earth, defining the solar constant and discussing factors like latitude, axial tilt, and atmospheric absorption. It highlights how Earth’s energy balance influences global temperatures.

This video explores albedo as a measure of reflection and emissivity as a measure of emission. It explains how greenhouse gases absorb and re-emit infrared radiation, contributing to the greenhouse effect and influencing global temperatures.

This video details how greenhouse gases trap heat, maintaining Earth’s energy balance. It discusses the enhanced greenhouse effect, its link to global warming, and scientific evidence supporting human-driven climate change.

This video introduces the concept of moles as a way to count particles in chemistry and physics. It explains Avogadro’s law, which states that equal volumes of gases contain equal numbers of particles at the same temperature and pressure. It also covers molar mass and gas volumes at standard and room temperature and pressure.

This video explains the assumptions of the ideal gas model, including the absence of intermolecular forces and perfectly elastic collisions. It defines pressure as the force per unit area exerted by gas molecules colliding with container walls and introduces the momentum-based relationship between pressure and particle velocity.

This video covers Boyle’s, Charles’s, and Gay-Lussac’s laws, which describe the relationships between pressure, volume, and temperature in an ideal gas. It introduces the ideal gas equation, PV = nRT, and explains how internal energy in an ideal monatomic gas is purely kinetic and proportional to temperature.

This video explores pressure-volume diagrams and their role in understanding gas behavior. It describes how gases behave at different temperatures, the concept of critical temperature, and how phase changes appear on these graphs. It also explains how real gases deviate from ideal behaviour under high pressure and low temperature.

This video introduces thermodynamic systems, including open, closed, and isolated systems, and explains state variables such as temperature, pressure, volume, and entropy. It covers the four laws of thermodynamics, focusing on energy conservation, entropy, and thermal equilibrium.

This video explores the first law of thermodynamics, which describes the conservation of energy in thermal systems. It introduces thermodynamic work, the relationship between heat, internal energy, and work, and explains how energy changes in gases under constant pressure.

This video examines the four types of ideal gas processes—isochoric, isobaric, isothermal, and adiabatic—detailing how each process affects pressure, volume, temperature, and work. It also introduces the adiabatic equation for monatomic gases.

This video defines entropy as a measure of disorder and explains how it changes in different thermodynamic processes. It introduces macroscopic and microscopic interpretations of entropy and explains how the second law governs the direction of spontaneous processes.

This video explores heat engines and heat pumps, explaining how they convert thermal energy into work or transfer heat against a gradient. It introduces the Carnot engine as an idealized system with maximum efficiency and explains how its performance depends on temperature differences.

This video introduces electric current as the rate of charge flow and voltage as the work done per unit charge. It explains the difference between direct and alternating current, conductor and insulator properties, and the concept of drift velocity in a wire.

This video defines resistance as the opposition to current flow and explores the factors affecting it, including material resistivity, length, and cross-sectional area. It also introduces Ohm’s Law and distinguishes between ohmic and non-ohmic components.

This video explains power in electrical circuits and the fundamental structure of circuits, including series and parallel configurations. It introduces circuit components such as power supplies, wires, and resistors while covering basic circuit laws.

This video covers Kirchhoff’s first and second laws, which govern current and voltage in circuits. It explains how to apply these laws to analyze complex circuit problems, including the distribution of voltage and current in series and parallel circuits.

This video explores different types of resistors, including thermistors, light-dependent resistors, and potentiometers. It also introduces monitoring devices such as voltmeters and ammeters, explaining their placement and function in circuits.

This video compares electric cells and solar cells as power sources. It covers primary and secondary cells, their advantages and disadvantages, and explains how solar cells generate electricity from sunlight through photovoltaic conversion.

This video examines internal resistance in power supplies and its impact on cell performance. It explains how resistance increases over time, reducing terminal voltage and efficiency, and contrasts real cells with idealized perfect cells.