IB Chemistry S3.2 Definitions
This page contains our IB Chemistry definitions for S3.2. By learning each one of these definitions, you will fully cover the content for IB Chemistry 'Further functional groups'.
chiral carbon
A carbon bonded to four different groups
cis-isomerism
Attached groups are the same on the same side of the bond plane
cis-trans isomerism
Isomerism that only occurs with bond rotation restriction and communicates symmetry around the bond plane based on group identity
configurational isomers
Molecules with different arrangements that require bond breaking and reforming to align
conformational isomers
Molecules with different spatial arrangements that can be aligned by bond rotation
diastereomer
Optical isomers that are not mirror images of each other
E-isomerism
The groups with the highest atomic numbers are on opposite sides of the bond plane
E/Z isomerism
Isomerism that only occurs with bond rotation restriction and communicates symmetry around the bond plane based on atomic number
enantiomers
Optical isomers that are mirror images of each other
fingerprint region
A unique pattern of absorption in the wavenumber region of 1400-400 cm-1
H NMR
A method that provides information about the environment of hydrogen atoms
hydrogen environment
The atom that the hydrogen is attached to and atoms bonded to that atom
index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD)
A measure of saturation of an organic molecule
infrared spectroscopy
A method that shines infrared light on molecules and measure absorption
mass spectrometry
A method that vaporizes and ionizes a sample molecule, and then deflects its into different fragments with magnetic field
optical isomerism
Isomerism where two molecules have the same molecular and structural formuals but are not super-imposable
polarimeter
A device that detects the optical activity of enantiomers
racemic mixture
A mixture with equal amounts of enantiomers, which is optically inactive
Spin-spin coupling
Produces the splitting pattern on H-NMR due to the influence of Hydrogen nuclei on other neighbouring Hydrogen nuclei
stereoisomers
Molecules with the same structural formula but different spatial arrangements
trans-isomerism
Attached groups are the same on opposite sides of the bond plane
X-ray crystallography
A method that shines X-rays on bonds and uses a sensor to detect the diffraction of the X-rays to measure bond length
Z-isomerism
The groups with the highest atomic numbers are on the same side of the bond plane
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