IB Chemistry Topic 5 Definitions
This page contains our IB Chemistry definitions for topic 5. By learning each one of these definitions, you will fully cover the content for IB Chemistry 'How Much, Fast & Far'.
activation energy
The minimum collision energy required for successful collision, dependent on a particle's kinetic energy
catalyst
A substance that increases rate without changing itself by providing an area for reactants to come into proper orientation to lower the activation energy
closed system
A reaction environment that conserves mass and energy. This means no reactants or products can exit into the surroundings.
concentration
Mass or moles per unit volume, expressed as g/dm3 or mol/dm3
density
Mass per unit volume of pure substance, expressed as g/dm3
dynamic equilibrium
A state of a closed system wherein the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, maintaing the concentratino of products and reactants
equilibrium
A state of a closed system when the concentration of products and reactants remains constant
equilibrium
The state of all forces on an object being balanced and cancelling out to zero
experimental yield
The actual amount of product formed during the experiment
limiting reagent
The reactant that produces the least product according to the molar ratio
maximum yield
The maximum amount of product that can be created
non-reversible reactions
A reaction that can only occur forwards to convert reactants to products
order of a reactant
The effect a reactant's concentration has on the rate of the reaction
order of a reaction
The sum of the orders of all the reactants in the rate
percentage yield
The percentage of the theoretically maximum yield that is experimentally produced
phase equilibrium
An equilibrium between phase changes for example between liquid and gas. The overall concentration of products and reactants remains the same.
Rate of Reaction
Measure of the change in concentration over change in time
reversible reaction
A reaction that can occur forwards to convert reactants to products and reverse to convert products to reactants
solute
A substance used to form a solution by being dissolved by a solvent
solution
A mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
solvent
A substance used to form a solution by dissolving a solute
spontaneity
The ease with which a reaction occurs
standard solution
A solution with a known concentration
theoretical yield
The predicted amount of product formed in the equation
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