IB Maths AI 4.8 Definitions

This page contains our IB Maths AI definitions for 4.8. By learning each one of these definitions, you will fully cover the content for IB Maths AI 'Data collection & categorisation'.

All Topic 4 Sub-topics 4.1: Fundamentals Of Statistics 4.2: Visualising Statistics 4.3: Distribution Properties 4.4: Introduction To Linear Statistics 4.5: Probability 4.6: Probability Distributions 4.7: Hypotheses & Tests (HL)4.8: Data collection & categorisation (HL)4.9: Advanced linear statistics (HL)4.10: Linear transformations & combinations (HL)4.11: Confidence intervals (HL)4.12: Poisson distribution (HL)4.13: Distribution tests (HL)4.14: Transition matrices

biased

Systematically favours certain outcomes, for example through question wording or poor sampling, so results are not fairly representative.

criterion-related

Assesses whether results agree closely with another accepted measure of the same thing.

degrees of freedom

The number of independent pieces of information used to determine the sampling distribution of a test statistic; for $\chi^2$ independence it is $(\text{rows}-1)(\text{columns}-1)$ and for goodness of fit it is $n-1$ .

parallel

Checks consistency by comparing results from two different versions designed to measure the same thing.

reliability

Consistency; a method is reliable if it gives similar results when repeated in similar conditions.

test-retest

Checks consistency by repeating the same test after a period of time and comparing the results.

validity

Accuracy; a method is valid if it measures what it is intended to measure.

variables

Quantities that can change in a situation and are represented by symbols so relationships can be modelled mathematically.

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