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definitions

IB Biology D3.2 Definitions

This page contains our IB Biology definitions for D3.2. By learning each one of these definitions, you will fully cover the content for IB Biology 'Polygenic inheritance'.

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carrier

An individual that is heterozygous for a genetic disease

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co-dominance

An inherited genotype of two dominant alleles that express a joint phenotype

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continuous variation

The division of characteristics into an infinite number of forms

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discrete variation

The division of characteristics into a finite number of different groups

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dominant allele

An allele who's phenotype is expressed over a recessive allele. Dominant alleles are capitalized (A)

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genotype

The alleles than an organism contains to exhibit a characteristic

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heterozygous

The presence of two different alleles (Aa)

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homozygous

The presence of two of the same alleles (AA or aa)

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linked genes

Genes that are on the same chromosome

locus

A specific position on a chromosome

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mutagen

A substance capable of causing a mutation

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mutation

A random change to the base sequence of a gene

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non-linked genes

Genes that are on different chromosomes

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phenotype

The characteristic physically exhibited by an organism

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polygenic inheritance

The inheritance of multiple genes coding for a single characteristic

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recessive allele

An allele who's phenotype is masked by a dominant allele. Recessive alleles are lowercase (a)

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recombinant

A new combination of linked genes made via recombinatinon during crossing over in prophase I

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segregation

The phenomenon of offspring inheriting one allele from each parent due to the formation of haploid nuclei during meiosis

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sex-linked condition

A condition dependent on the sex of the individual because the allele is present on the X chromosome