IB Biology D2.2 Notes

This page contains our IB Biology notes for D2.2. By reading each one of these notes, you will fully cover the content for IB Biology 'Gene expression'.

All Topic 2 Sub-topics (HL)A2.1: Origins of cells A2.2: Cell Structure (HL)A2.2: Further cell structure (HL)A2.3: Viruses B2.1: Membranes And Transport (HL)B2.1: Further membranes and transport B2.2: Organelles & Compartmentalisation (HL)B2.2: Further organelles B2.3: Cell Specialisation (HL)B2.3: Further cell specialisation (HL)C2.1: Chemical signalling C2.2: Neural Signalling (HL)C2.2: Further neural signalling D2.1: Cell Division (HL)D2.1: Cell cycle (HL)D2.2: Gene expression D2.3: Water Potential (HL)D2.3: Further water potential

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Chapters

1. Gene expression

2. Regulation Of Gene Expression

3. Epigenetic regulation

4. Epigenetic inheritance

5. Impact on Epigenetics

6. Monozygotic twin studies

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Gene expression

This topic focuses on the concept of gene expression. Remember that this is the conversion of genes to proteins to express the gene's coded characteristics. In this, three terms are important to differentiate:

Genome - the collection of an organism's genes.
Transcriptome - the collection of an organism's transcribed genes.
Proteome - the collection of an organisms's proteins.

These may all seem equivalent, but this is not the case. Not all genes are transcribed, and not all proteins are produced from their transcribed genes. Thus, the end phenotype exhibited by a person only matches their proteome, not their transcriptome or genome. The changes from genome to proteome result from changes in gene expression. A person's patterns of gene expression is called their epigenome, whilst the study of epigenomes is called epigenetics.

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