IB Biology B4.2 Notes

This page contains our IB Biology notes for B4.2. By reading each one of these notes, you will fully cover the content for IB Biology 'Ecological niches'.

All Topic 4 Sub-topics A4.1: Evolution & Speciation (HL)A4.1: Further speciation A4.2: Conservation Of Biodiversity B4.1: Adaptations B4.2: Ecological Niches C4.1: Populations & Communities C4.2: Energy & Matter Transfer D4.1: Natural Selection (HL)D4.1: Further natural selection D4.2: Stability & Change (HL)D4.2: Ecological stability D4.3: Climate Changes (HL)D4.3: Further climate change

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Chapters

1. Niches

2. Aerobes and anaerobes

3. Modes of nutrition

4. Hominids

5. Herbivory adaptations

6. Predation adaptations

7. Light adaptations

8. Realised niches

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Niches

You have now learned about organism evolution and speciation, biodiversity, and habitat. However, each habitat has a great number of species that each contribute differently. The functional role of an organism, in its environment, is its niche. There are two types of niches you need to be aware of:

Ecological niche - the species habitat and all its interactions. This includes what it consumes, its interdependence with other species, the time of day it's active, where it lives, and where it feeds.
Fundamental niche - the full range of conditions under which species can survive and successfully reproduce.

Note that two species with the same niche cannot coexist as they would compete with one another, leading to the exclusion of one. This topic will focus on the distribution of organisms primarily on their:

Requirement of oxygen
Nutrition methods
Adaptations to nutrition
Competition

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