IB Biology D4.2 Notes

This page contains our IB Biology notes for D4.2. By reading each one of these notes, you will fully cover the content for IB Biology 'Stability & change'.

All Topic 4 Sub-topics

A4.1: Evolution & Speciation

(HL)A4.1: Further speciation

A4.2: Conservation Of Biodiversity

B4.1: Adaptations

B4.2: Ecological Niches

C4.1: Populations & Communities

C4.2: Energy & Matter Transfer

D4.1: Natural Selection

(HL)D4.1: Further natural selection

D4.2: Stability & Change

(HL)D4.2: Ecological stability

D4.3: Climate Changes

(HL)D4.3: Further climate change

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Ecosystem stability

Ecosystem stability is the ability of an ecosystem to maintain its structure and function over long periods of time and despite disturbances. It is a natural property of an ecosystem that is the product of multiple factors since ecosystems are dynamic and subject to constant change.

Whilst some factors are cyclical, such as seasons, others longer, ecosystems tend to remain stable over extremely long-time frames. The key requirements for ecosystem stability are:

Sufficient genetic diversity
Sufficient energy supplies
Nutrient recycling
Climatic variables within tolerance levels

However, any shift in biotic or abiotic factors can bring diversion from the seasonal norms. Natural cycles, natural disasters, and human activity are all capable of altering ecosystem stability.

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